I was going to say Gingerbread Man, too, only I can't remember if he was eaten or not. I know I REALLY WANTED HIM TO BE!
Not a PB, but in the story "Ladies First!" (from Free To Be, You and Me), the horrible girl gets eaten by bears or crocodiles or something.
Pierre of "I Don't Care!" fame (Sendak) gets eaten by a lion, but I think they get him back.
And of course Red Riding Hood is eaten by the wolf in most versions, then rescued by a random ax-wielding man. Typical.
I think this could be a funny thing if your story is obviously a quirky, dark-ish story, a fairy tale type story, or a "cautionary" fable (like Ladies First or Pierre) but in a more standard PB without the same style of humor, it might be seen as too scary or too random (or a cheap way for the author to end the story). I recall in high school ending a story I was forced to write about a character I didn't like by making that character randomly get hit by a bus. The end.
So the answer to this, like all things, is probably "It depends."